{"id":2808,"date":"2025-01-08T17:33:48","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T17:33:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theeaglenews.in\/ENews\/?p=2808"},"modified":"2025-01-08T17:33:48","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T17:33:48","slug":"human-metapneumovirus-hmpv-an-emerging-respiratory-threat-dr-surender-kashyap-vice-chancellor-atal-medical-research-university-mandi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theeaglenews.co.in\/?p=2808","title":{"rendered":"Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): An Emerging Respiratory Threat.\u00a0 Dr. Surender Kashyap Vice Chancellor Atal Medical Research University Mandi."},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): An Emerging Respiratory Threat.\u00a0 Dr. Surender Kashyap Vice Chancellor Atal Medical Research University Mandi.<\/h1>\n

Introduction:<\/h3>\n

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important respiratory virus first discovered in the Netherlands in 2001. It
\nbelongs to the Pneumoviridae family and consists of two major genetic lineages: A (subtypes A1 and A2) and B
\n(subtypes B1 and B2). HMPV is known to cause upper and lower respiratory tract diseases across all age groups,
\nwith higher risks for young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems.<\/p>\n

Symptoms of HMPV Infection<\/h3>\n

HMPV infections can present a range of symptoms, including:
\n\uf0b7 Cough
\n\uf0b7 Fever
\n\uf0b7 Nasal congestion
\n\uf0b7 Shortness of breath
\n\uf0b7 Bronchitis
\n\uf0b7 Pneumonia<\/p>\n

Modes of Transmission<\/h3>\n

HMPV spreads primarily through respiratory droplets and close personal contact. Common transmission routes
\ninclude:<\/p>\n

\uf0b7 Droplets from coughing or sneezing
\n\uf0b7 Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the mouth, nose, or eyes
\n\uf0b7 Direct contact, such as shaking hands
\nSeasonality In temperate climates, HMPV is most active during late winter and spring, with an incubation period
\nestimated at 3 to 6 days.<\/p>\n

Prevention Measures<\/h3>\n

To prevent the spread of HMPV, the following practices are recommended:
\n\uf0b7 Wash hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
\n\uf0b7 Avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.
\n\uf0b7 Maintain distance from individuals showing symptoms of illness.
\n\uf0b7 Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
\n\uf0b7 Disinfect frequently touched surfaces regularly.
\n\uf0b7 Stay home when feeling unwell.<\/p>\n

Diagnosis of HMPV<\/h3>\n

Sensitive diagnostic methods for detecting HMPV include:
\n\uf0b7 Enzyme Immune Assay (EIA)<\/p>\n

\uf0b7 Enzyme-Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA)
\n\uf0b7 Direct Immunofluorescent-Antibody (IFA)
\nDuring outbreaks, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) may be utilized for validation.<\/p>\n

Treatment Options<\/h3>\n

There is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV. Supportive care remains the mainstay of management:
\n\uf0b7 Stay hydrated and get plenty of rest.
\n\uf0b7 Use over-the-counter medications for fever and respiratory symptoms.
\n\uf0b7 Provide oxygen support in severe cases.
\nInfection Control in Clinical Settings
\nHospitals and clinics should follow strict infection control measures:
\n\uf0b7 Implement droplet isolation for adults with respiratory infections.
\n\uf0b7 Use both droplet and contact isolation for children and infants.
\nRoutine RT-PCR testing of nasopharyngeal swabs is not recommended unless during outbreaks.<\/p>\n

HMPV Trends and Surveillance Data (2024)<\/h3>\n

Recent surveillance data highlight the increasing impact of HMPV
\nalongside other respiratory pathogens, such as influenza, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV):<\/p>\n

1. Global Trends
\no According to China CDC, acute respiratory infections are rising, including HMPV cases, particularly in
\nchildren aged 0-4 years and 14 years and below.
\no In northern China, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 is the leading pathogen, with delayed but intense
\noutbreaks.
\no Southern China shows a moderate rise in A(H1N1)pdm09 cases.
\n2. India’s Context
\nWHO India collaborates with NCDC to monitor Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) and Severe Acute
\nRespiratory Infection (SARI) through the Integrated Health Information Platform (IHIP).
\nSurveillance data indicate a consistent seasonal rise in respiratory pathogens, including HMPV, during
\nwinter months.<\/p>\n

\nCase Definitions.<\/h3>\n

\uf0b7 ILI (Influenza-Like Illness): Acute respiratory infection with cough and sore throat, measured fever \u2265 38\u00b0C,
\nand onset within the last 10 days.
\n\uf0b7 SARI (Severe Acute Respiratory Infection): Acute respiratory infection with cough and sore throat,
\nmeasured fever \u2265 38\u00b0C, onset within the last 10 days, and requiring hospitalization.<\/p>\n

\n\uf0b7 Prevention Strategies Moving Forward<\/h3>\n

1. Strengthen public awareness about respiratory hygiene and HMPV prevention.<\/p>\n

2. Improve surveillance of ILI and SARI trends in healthcare settings.
\n3. Collaborate internationally for better understanding and preparedness against respiratory viruses.<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/h3>\n

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) poses a growing threat to public health, particularly during the winter and spring
\nmonths. Enhanced surveillance, early detection, and adherence to preventive measures are critical to reducing its
\nimpact. Public awareness and government initiatives are pivotal in mitigating the spread of this respiratory virus.
\nSources:
\n\uf0b7 China CDC Weekly Surveillance Data
\n\uf0b7 National Influenza Center Antigenic Analysis
\n\uf0b7 WHO and NCDC Updates<\/p>\n

Do not Panic<\/p>\n

Stay informed. Stay safe.<\/p>\n

Writer of this news article is Dr. Surender Kashyap Vice Chancellor, Atal Medical and Research University Mandi at Nerchowk.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): An Emerging Respiratory Threat.\u00a0 Dr. Surender Kashyap Vice Chancellor Atal Medical Research University Mandi. Introduction: Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important respiratory […]<\/p>\n

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